Decomposed by Kyle Devine

Author:Kyle Devine
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: music consumption; cost of music
Publisher: MIT Press

Notes

1. On phonograph effects, see Katz (2004: 3–6, 189–191). For a study of the LP, from which parts of the summary history in the preceding paragraph are drawn, see Osborne (2012). For a broader theoretical perspective on the mutually mediating factors that influence cultural production, see Born (2010b).

2. On the affordances of tape, see Brøvig-Hanssen (2012). See also Bohlman (2017), Kane (2017), and McMurray (2017), all of whom add considerable nuance and complexity to the story that I am outlining here. On compact discs, see Downes (2010) and Straw (2009, 2011) among others.

3. Keightley (2004: 378). The subtitle of this section comes from Kenney (1999: 195).

4. Stanley (1947: 107).

5. Previous three quotations from, respectively, Stanley (1947: 107), Read and Welch (1976: 324), and Gelatt (1977: 290–291).

6. Osborne (2012: 67).

7. Respectively, the quotes are from “Diskers Ready New Plans” (1942: 68) and “WPB Sharply Curtails Music Industry” (1942: 5). For a discussion of rubber on the development of bebop, see DeVeaux (1997: 240–244).

8. Goldsmith Bros. to Columbia (11 November 1943). Letter held at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, A.F.R. Lawrence Papers—*L (Special) 89.21—Box 5.

9. General Phonograph president Allan Fritzsche to Columbia’s James Hunter (6 December 1943). See also John R. Kennedy (Columbia’s materials manager) to General Phonograph Manufacturing (11 November 1943). Both held at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, A.F.R. Lawrence Papers—*L (Special) 89.21—Box 5.

10. Winner (1944: 55).

11. “Diskers Ready New Plans.” (1942: 68).

12. Respectively: “Diskers Ready New Plans” (1942: 68) and “Diskers Still Fear Shellac Grab by Govt” (1942: 62).

13. “Diskers Eye WPB Action” (1942: 70).

14. “WPB Announce No New Shellac After November” (1942: 20).

15. “Diskers Still Fear Shellac Grab by Govt” (1942: 62).

16. “Diskers Still Fear Shellac Grab by Govt” (1942: 62).

17. Chasins (1943: 83).

18. Chasins (1943: 83).

19. “Old Records Yield Valuable Shellac” (1942), Osborne (2012: 67).

20. Hunter to Donner (10 June 1942). The correspondence between Hunter and Donner, which lasted from March 1942 to January 1942, is held at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, A.F.R. Lawrence Papers—*L (Special) 89.21—Box 5. These letters are not listed in the bibliography but are cited by date in the notes that follow.

21. Hunter to Donner (14 September 1942).

22. Donner to Hunter (7 December 1942).

23. Both the correspondence on needle materials and the memorandum between Edward Wallerstein and James H. Hunter (2 December 1942) are held at the New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, A.F.R. Lawrence Papers—*L (Special) 89.21—Box 4.

24. Memorandum from Earl Graham of the Consumer Durable Goods Section of the OPA, to William MacLeod of the WPB’s Office of Civilian requirements. See Graham (1943).

25. Letter from Glenn Henry of the Radio and Radar Division of the WPB to the Columbia Recording Corporation. See Henry (1944).

26. As discussed below, some records were in fact made of vinyl during this transitionary period. The unpredictability surrounding shellac supplies, as well as the advances in sciences and chemical industries spawned by the War, meant that synthetic plastics had achieved a certain level of industrial momentum and their price was on a relatively equal footing with shellac.

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